Examining Philosophical Origins of the Physical Culture Problem in a Historical-Retrospective Manner: Neuroscientific Research into the Impact of Physical Culture on the Human Brain

Abstract

The significance of the article lies in its exploration of the historical aspects related to the genesis of physical education and the shaping of its content, which the authors believe have philosophical roots in the development of one’s physical culture. This historical journey can be divided into two distinct periods. The first period, from the emergence of primitive communal systems to the 19th century, can be tentatively described as a pre-scientific phase. During this time, two phases are discernible: empirical and experimental, which reflect the initial stages of physical culture development. The second period, spanning roughly a century and a half from the late 19th century to the early 21st century, represents the era when the problem evolved into a more scientifically focused field of study. Within this timeframe, four distinct stages can be identified, illustrating the evolution of the scientific, theoretical, methodological and technological foundations of physical education, sports, as well as the management of physical education. Currently, sports are the dominant culture in many areas of human activity. It directly influences the material, social, and spiritual values of society and individuals. Therefore, the impact of physical culture on brain function is of paramount importance as physical activity is intrinsically linked to the body’s functioning through the brain. The article studies the history of one’s physical culture development, discussing the role of the state system, lifestyle and specific state requirements in organising physical education. It also explores the current development of one’s physical culture and its impact on brain development. Актуальність статті полягає в тому, що в ній досліджуються історичні аспекти, пов'язані з ґенезою фізичного виховання та формуванням його змісту, які, на думку авторів, мають філософське коріння в розвитку фізичної культури людини.