Forming of School Manual as a Scientific Problem in General and Special Psychopedagogy

Abstract

School manuals have special place among the socio-cultural acquisition of the past, which are the kind of reflection of certain era, the level of knowledge, worldview and prevailing stereotypes in the field of education. The manual is a carrier of the content of education, definitions, storage of knowledge and methods of learning that is necessary in this society. The complexity of the manual, the richness of its types, structure, diversity of its content and functions define it as a valuable historical document, the research of which provides opportunities to study the features and patterns of development and formation of the manual in different historical periods and using modern manuals. The research of the history of school manual development begins with the establishment by scientists the fact of the manual origin, which historians associate with clay tablets on which the Sumerians placed manuals five thousand years ago. The formation of the pedagogical theory of the manual is associated with the idea that the manual was first defined as a special book created on the basis of pedagogical principles as one that implements a certain content of education.